PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.